Ligidi
Ligidi anɛ la’af bɛɛ bʋnkanɛ ka ba siaki li ye di yɔ’ tis la’ad nɛ tʋʋm ka lɛ nyaŋi yɔ’ sama[1][2], kas-kas anɛ tɛŋsia lampɔ[3]. Ligidi tʋnkpɛŋ dinɛ bɛ di kɔ’ nɛ sienam anɛ tia’asʋg sour, dinɛ mɔr gɛligir, dinɛ an suakbʋn bɛɛ bʋn dinɛ ka nidib siaki di ye di anɛ dinɛ na nyaŋi an la’ad tia’asʋg la’af[4]
| Subclass of | Bank of Ghana  |
|---|---|
| Inception | 19 Mɔraug/Nwadisanii 1965 |
| Named after | cowrie currency |
| Country | Ghana |
| Located in the administrative territorial entity | Ghana |
| Applies to jurisdiction | Ghana |
| Currency symbol description | cedi sign |
| Central bank/issuer | Bank of Ghana |
| Replaces | Ghanaian pound |
| Start time | 19 Mɔraug/Nwadisanii 1965 |
| Unit symbol | ₵ |
Labakυda kɛ ka ti baŋ ye ligidi da anɛ dinɛ ka nidib da gɔs ka di an lauk dinɛ mɔri zug hali ka ba ya’am bɛ di ni ka ba mɔri di dit da’as; ti nannanna zumaυŋ kaŋa ligidi yu’un anɛ nid yinne ya’am pa’alυg dinɛ pa’an ye ti di lig-sieba nam bɛɛ ti da di sieba.[4] Di bɔɔdim wυsa yu’un ɛɛnti yinɛ nidib la bɛɛ sυ’υlυm bɔɔdim ni, ka gɔmina la mɛ yu’un tis nɔɔr ka lig-kan nyaan an dinɛ ka sɔ’ wυsa siaki tisi di; nɛ’ gbin bigisnɛ ye sɔ’ wυsa yu’un siak ye di anɛ ligidi dinɛ ka ti na mɔri dit n bɛ tɛŋ la sυ’υlυm ni wυsa, ka di sυŋ ti yɔ tis ama, gɔmina nɛ asɔ’oemɛŋ tυυma ni, di ya’a aanɛ United State dim dollar la.
Ligidi dinɛ ka ba tisid tɛŋ wυsa anɛ ligidi kanɛ ka ba siaki tisi di ye ba dii di la, di anɛ (lig-gbana nam and lig-kuga nam ka ba tisid) ka, di mɛ anɛ di kas-kas anɛ ligidi la ye di tυm si’el an ye kpan, di tun’e an banki yinne bɛɛ banki nam bɛdigυ ligidi (suokanɛ ka ba mɔri gɔsid ligidi gbaυŋ, ligdi su’ab nam gbana, nɛ banki gbana yɔ’ɔgir sieba yɛla). Banki ligidi, an dinɛ bɛ sɔbi bɛ ligidi tυυma zin’isin ka ba na tun’e tiaki nɛ lig-gbana nam amɛŋa bɛɛ nɔk tυm yɔɔd tυυma, dinɛ tυm hali ka mɔr zi’esim ka di kas-kas tisnɛ tɛmbanɛ nɔbig hali la.
Ligidi pin’ilυg
dɛmisim gbɛlimaPian’azug dinɛ ye ligidi la yinɛ Latin pian’adin dinɛ an ye moneta ka di gbin an ye “lig-kugur” n dɔl French dim pian’adin ye monnaie. Labakυda kɛ ka ti baŋ sida ye Latin pian’aug la yinɛ pυ’υsυm dɔɔg dinɛ an Juno la ni na, dinɛ bɛnɛ Capitoline, di anɛ Room dim la zuor dinɛ paas ayɔpɔi la yinne. Yυυm pυkυdυgυn la, Juno da anɛ dinɛ ka ligidi da bɛ di ni. Juno Moneta dinɛ da bɛ Room la da anɛ dinɛ da an zin’ig paal dinɛ ka Room dim da bɛ.[5] Yυ’υr dinɛ ye “Jυno” tis sida ka di na yinɛ Etruscan dim ba’arin na Uni nɛ “Moneta” bɛɛ di mɛ yi Latin pian’adin dinɛ an ye “monere” (maligim-tien, tυlυg, sa’al) bɛɛ di yi Greek pian’adin “moneres” (din ma’aa, dinɛ bɛ di kɔn’ɔ).
Dunia kaŋa dinɛ yu’un an Western yυυg pian’azug dinɛ ye li-kuga la ba yu’un buonɛ ye baanlυg, ka yu’un bas Latin dinɛ da an ye bibis ka di gbin an “di buudi”.[6]
Di kʋdʋmin labaya yɛla
dɛmisim gbɛlimaLa'ad ti'asʋg linɛ ka ba zaŋid ban mɔr si'el tiakid nɛ ban bɔɔd si'el ka ligidi pʋ gɛndigi li ni la tiɛndi yʋma 100,000 banɛ gaad sa yɛla, amaa teŋ si'a pʋ tʋm nwa' ka li an kasɛtta linɛ pa'an ye li anɛ sidaa.[7][8] Amaa la'am nɛ wala teŋ sieba banɛ pʋ mɔr ligidi da'ad ka kuosid la, kpimisid bɛdegʋ hali ka li dɔlisidi piini tiasʋg ni.[9][10] Ka nɛ'ɛnam ya'a da naam, li da anɛ saam ma'a niŋid bɛɛ dataas banɛ ti bɔɔd ye ba kpɛn' bɛog sa na al.[11]
Buudi bɛdegʋ bɛ dunia nwa' ni ka li nɔki saŋa ka ligidi la'ad da'ab nɛ kuosʋg yʋ'ʋn nɔbigi ba ni. Anzurufa linɛ ka ba nɔk kʋnti maali li ka li tɛbis hali, ka ba mɔr makir makidi li ka li zu'oe ka tɛbis wʋʋ 160 nɛ.[12] Banɛ da mɔr pian'akaŋa yiiga anɛ Mesopotamia linɛ an circa 3000BC teŋ dim. Tembanɛ bɛ America, Asia, Africa nɛ Australia la ba wʋsa da mɔri ligipielis da'ad ka kuosid. Herodotus yɛl ye Lydia dimi da yiiga dim banɛ zaŋ ban mɔr sanlima nɛ anzurufa da'ad ka kuosid si'em.[13]
Saŋkanɛ ka ligidi tɛbisim da ban zaŋ si'el maali li la yʋ'ʋn tiaki paae zʋmaʋŋ kanɛ ka ligidi tɛbisim yʋ'ʋn an lin nyaŋid da'at si'el la.[14] Nɛ'ɛŋa da yʋ'ʋn naamid, bɔzugɔ banɛ di'esid sanlima nɛ anzurufa la da yʋ'ʋn mɔri gbambibis tisidi ban sam di'esidib ka ba na dɔlisi yɔ. Saŋa da kena ka ba yʋ'ʋn siak ye gbambibis bama an ligidi nɛ linɛ ni ka ba na dɔlisi yɔ. Ba da pin'il mɔr ligigbana da'at yiiga nɛ yʋ'ʋma dynasty saŋa la. Ligigbana banɛ ka ba buon ye "jiaozi" la, yinɛ gbambanɛ ka maal ye ba mɔri yɔɔ ligidi ka ba mɔri tʋm yʋma kɔbisyɔpɔi saŋa sa. La'am nɛ wala wʋsa ba da pʋ bas la'adi kuosid ka da'at laa, ba niŋid ka mɔr ligikut paasi tʋm. Yʋma tusir nɛ kɔbispii nɛ atan' saŋa sa la, Europe dim da yʋ'ʋn mi'i ligigbana la nɛ, ka li dɔlisi banɛ ken suor zug kpimisid wʋʋ Marco polo nɛ William nɛ.[15][16]
Ligidi bɛllim
dɛmisim gbɛlimaLigidi tʋʋma anɛ linɛ ka ba mɔri tiakir si'el, li mɔr tɛbisim.[17] Ka yiiga ligidi nyaŋi tʋm tʋʋmbama asɛɛ ka ligidi :[18]
- An linɛ an sʋm ka nyaŋid tiakir. Di anɛ tilas ye ligidi nyaŋid nɔkid tiakid si'el.
- Nyaŋi yuugid. Ba na nyaŋi nɔki li tʋm ka lɛn tʋm yuug sʋ'ʋŋa.
- Nyɛt nɛ nini. Li anɛ linɛ nyɛt nɛ nini baa li ya'a anɛ fiin nɛ.
- Nyaŋidi zanl nu'ugin. Anɛ linɛ ka ba na nyaŋi zanl nu'ugin keŋ zin'isi'a wʋsa ni.
- Siakir. Nidib bɛdegʋ siakid nɔki ligidi da'at ka yɔɔd.
- Li pʋ nyɛt na'anaa. Ligidi gilig zin'isi'a wʋsa ni pɔɔd nɛ.[18]
Gbanvɛɛnsa
dɛmisim gbɛlima- ↑ https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=MDU-NTEJziMC&pg=PA47&redir_esc=y
- ↑ https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=debt
- ↑ https://archive.ph/20150224234654/http://zzaponline.com/history-of-money/
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://www.britannica.com/money/topic/money
- ↑ D'Eprio, Peter & Pinkowish, Mary Desmond (1998). What Are the Seven Wonders of the World? First Anchor Books, p. 192. ISBN 0-385-49062-3
- ↑ "Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
- ↑ Mauss, Marcel. The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. pp. 36–37.
- ↑ The Myth of the Myth of the Myth of Barter and the Return of the Armchair Ethnologists". Bella Caledonia. 2016-06-08. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
- ↑ "What is Debt? – An Interview with Economic Anthropologist David Graeber". Naked Capitalism. 2011-08-26.
- ↑ David Graeber: Debt: The First 5000 Years, Melville 2011. Cf. review Archived 2020-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ David Graeber (2001). Toward an anthropological theory of value: the false coin of our own dreams. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-0-312-24045-5. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
- ↑ Kramer, History Begins at Sumer, pp. 52–55.
- ↑ Herodotus. Histories, I, 94 ^
- ↑ Goldsborough, Reid (2003-10-02). "World's First Coin". rg.ancients.info. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
- ↑ Moshenskyi, Sergii (2008). History of the weksel: Bill of exchange and promissory note. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-4363-0694-2.
- ↑ Marco Polo (1818). The Travels of Marco Polo, a Venetian, in the Thirteenth Century: Being a Description, by that Early Traveller, of Remarkable Places and Things, in the Eastern Parts of the World. pp. 353–355. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
- ↑ "What is Money?". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Money" (PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. Retrieved 28 December 2022.