Candombe
Candombe anɛ yʋʋma nɛ wa’ab bʋʋdi ka ba da pin’ili li Uruguay banɛ da an African sankpan’asnam banɛ da faaɛn ba mɛŋ la. Yʋʋm tusa ayi' nɛ awai (2009) la ni, ka United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) da zaŋ candombe paas Representation List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ni.[1]
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| Subclass of | Latin American folk music, music of Uruguay, South American folk dance, Rioplatense music  |
|---|---|
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00182, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00182, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00182 |
Candombe bɛɛ Argentina nɛ Paraguay nɛ Brazil mɛn. Fʋ ya’a keŋ Argentina, li bɛnɛ Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Parana nɛ Corrientes. Fʋ ya’a keŋ Paraguay, li bɛnɛ Camba Cuá nɛ Fernando de la Mora linɛ kpi’e Asuncion. Ka fʋ ya’a keŋ Brazil, candombe nan kpɛlim zi’e li zi’esimin ka fʋ tun’e ye li anɛ Minas Gerais.
Ba mɔri binna kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb zin’isa atan nwɛ'ɛd ka yʋ'ʋm Uruguayan yʋʋma la. Binna anɛ: chico, repique, nɛ piano. Ba ɛɛnti nwɛ’ɛdi linɛ nwadisa ayi' la ni, Montevideo malʋŋ ka nidib wa’ad ka ba buonɛ li ye llamadas nɛ desfile inaugural del carnaval.
Din yi zin'isi'a
dɛmisim gbɛlimaDin yi zin'isieba
Fʋ ya'a dɔlisid George Reid Andres, kʋdʋmin la teŋ sabilis banɛ bɛ Latin America la, 19th century tɛŋsug ka ninsabilis dasam da si’iŋi basid candombe ka ye ba wa’a Europe’s dim wa’a banɛ an waltz, schottische, nɛ mazurka.[2] Tiakir kaŋa da kɛ ka Uruguay dim si’iŋi tʋ’asid mɛn. Ka buoni ba mɛŋ ye Los Negros, upper class portenos yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisnii nɛ pisyʋobu (1860) la ni nɛ yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi (1870) da di’em blackface ka maal malʋŋ yinne yʋʋm wusa ni.
African-Uruguay da la’asidnɛ wa'ad candombe wa’ab la Alasid daar wʋsa nɛ vʋ’ʋsim dabisa nwɛnɛ Yʋʋm paal yʋ’ʋŋ, Bunia, Saint Baltasar, Rosary Virgin nɛ Saint Benito. Ba na yiiti nyu’od bugum ka li tʋlig binnanam la ka ba nwɛ’ɛd ka yʋ'ʋm candombe yʋʋma, di kas-kas anɛ yʋ’ʋŋ-yʋ’ʋŋ kpi’es ya, wʋʋ Barrio Sur nɛ Palermo bɛ Montevideo. Banɛ tnn’ la zabidnɛ nɛ na’asaakuda banɛ da namisid nidib Montevideo teŋpukʋdigin la. Ba vʋm da kae gbinnɛ ka ba pu mɔr yɔlisim, dinɛ tiend ninsabilisi da yi zin’isi’a na.
Yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbiswai nɛ piinɛ atan' (1913) la ni, wa'akanɛ ka' yʋ'ʋrɛ ka kʋdʋmin dim buon ye “Viejo Tanguero” onɛ da sɔb yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ ayɔpɔi (1877) wa’ab kanɛ an tango ka mɛ la’as candombe la. Wa’akaŋa yʋ’ʋr da anɛ “soft tango,” ka African Argentina dim da maal.[3][4][5]
Yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbusnii nɛ pisnii nɛ atan (1883) ni, wa’ad wa’ad onɛ ka o yʋ’ʋr an Ventura Lynch da pian’ Argentina dim wa'awa'adib la yɛla ye ba anɛ compadritos ka bɛɛ Argentina wa’ab zin’is wʋsa. Lynch da sɔb ye, banɛ an compadritos la ma’aa wa’ad Milonga tɛmpʋʋgin la, ka gɔs ka ninsabilis wa’ab la mɔr la’ad. Robert Farris Thompson onɛ yi Tango la, da pa’al Lynch pian’ad la gbin ye: The Art of Love ka li pa’al ye tɛmpʋʋg kanɛ an compadritos wa’adnɛ milonga ka kae teŋkpɛŋa, gauchos. Thompson da nyɛ ka nidib banɛ wa’ad milonga la sieba an ninsabilis ka sieba mɛ an ninsabilis pʋsʋk ka banɛ wa’ad la pʋ lɛm mɔr ninla’asim ya’asɛ.
Biili linɛ bɛ candombe la da yinɛ tɛŋkanɛ ka ba buon ye Angola zina la, lin ka ba da mɔri keŋ South America 17th century nɛ 18th century la ni. Banɛ da mɔri keŋ la da anɛ nimbanɛ ka ba da kuos Kongo, Anzigua, Nyong, Quang nɛ tɛŋsieba banɛ bɛ Portugal ka da’ad nidib la.
Banɛ malʋŋʋ an candombe la da nyaŋ Brazil (li kas-kas anɛ zin’ibanɛ bɛ Salvador de Bahia), Cuba, nɛ Rio de la Plata nɛ li tɛmpʋʋg Buens Aires nɛ Montevideo. Tɛmbama da pin’il saŋa bɛɛ zin'is kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb la kɛnɛ ka ba yʋʋma la mɛ bɛ kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb. Africa dimi da maan si’el wʋsa da kae bʋnsaaŋi tis Argentina dim laa, candombe mɛ da nɔbigidnɛ kpɛm paasid. Africa ninsabilis banɛ ka ba da da’a ba ka ba bɛ Buenos zina la da bɛ anina hali yʋʋm tʋsir nɛ kɔbisnu nɛ pisnii (1580) la ni sa. Ban la’as nɛ na’asaanam la kɛ ka na’asaanam la zu’oe ka nidib banɛ yi Europe keŋ Argentina an wʋʋ milliyɔn ayuobʋ ka bakir da bɛɛ ba sʋʋgin. Tɛŋ la nidib da mɔr blangueamiento wada na, ka di da kɛ ka Argentina dim nidib la si’e.
Buenos Aire, li ya’a an gomena nama ayi banɛ da bɛ Juan Manuel de Rosas la, li anɛ na’ana nɛ “afroportenos” (ninsabilis banɛ bɛ Buenos Aires) na wa’an candombe la nidibin, ka Rosas nɛ o pu’ayʋa Manuel la’am kaae ba ka kpɛmisi ba mɛn. Ba da nyaŋ Rosas zaba ni Caseros yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisnii nɛ pisnu nɛ ayi (1852) la ni, ka Buenos Aires da pin’ili maan malʋŋ ka li kpɛn yaligid Europe dim malima ni. Afroportenos dim tʋasnɛ ba yaanam malima da an si’em ye ba nɔbigi ba mɛŋ bɛllimin ka dinzʋg ka din yi yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisnii nɛ pisyʋobʋ nɛ ayi' (1862) la nii wa’ae sa, banɛ tisid labaya, gbaŋmi’idib nɛ pɔlitis nwɛ’ɛdib pʋ tami li tʋʋma.
Gɔsim nɛ' mɛn
dɛmisim gbɛlimaGbanvɛɛnsa
dɛmisim gbɛlima- ↑ https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/candombe-and-its-socio-cultural-space-a-community-practice-00182
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe#cite_note-2
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf_EDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Viejo+Tanguero%22&pg=PA149
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0_u5aLUT8YC&q=%22Viejo+Tanguero%22&pg=PA198
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=bQRwDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Viejo+Tanguero%22&pg=PA360